Depending Factors of finishing Technique

•  The type of fibre and its arrangement in yarn and fabric.
•  The physical properties of the fibre, particularly in respect of swelling capacity as affecting the behavior when pressure or friction is applied in wet and dry states and at high and low temperature.
•  The receptivity of the fabric for absorbing various finishing preparation 
•  The susceptibility of the mtl. to chemical modification

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Effect of finishing on Fabric Properties/ Object of finishing

(1) To improve attractiveness.
If can be done by-

I) Modification of fabric appearance
e.g. calendering or ironing, optical brightening or whitening, delusturing, mercerizing.
II) Alternation of fabric handle e.g. softening, stiffening, weighting etc.
III) Control of fabric dimension
e.g. shrinkage resistant, chemical setting, thermo setting.

(2) To improve serviceability.
It can be done by-

I) Improve performance
e.g. flame proofing, not proofing, Antibacterial
II) Improve performance
e.g water proofing, antistatic finish, coating.
III) Easy care properties.
e.g. soil and oil repellency.
resin finishing etc.

Effect of finishing on Fabric Properties/ Object of finishing

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Textile Finishing And Flow Char of Finishing

Finishing:
In general, before marketing, all the process which are applied on the fabric after knitting or weaving is called finishing. In broad sense, the term finishing covers all the processes which the fabric undergoes after leaving the loom or knitting m/c to the stage at which enters the market.
Process Sequence:

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Raising , Objects and Types

Raising is a permanent mechanical finishing process of lifting a layer of fibres from the body of the fabric which stand out from the surface. Raising may be done either in wet stage (for woolen) or dry stage (for cotton). For example,
i) Funnel fabric (woven raised fabric)
ii) Fleece fabric (knitted raised fabric)
Raising causes a ‘Lofty’ handle effect on fabric.

Objects of raising:
The objects of raising are mentioned below:
i) To obtain a lofty handle effect in fabric.
ii) To obtain fleecy appearance.
iii) To create pile or cover on fabric surface.
iv) To produce a heavier surface made of fibres.
v) It is used to develop some structural features.
vi) To produce warm cloth as well as a soft one.


Types of raising m/c:
There are two types of raising m/c. namely
1. Teasel raising machine.
2. Card wire raising machine.-
i) Single acting raising m/c
ii) Double acting raising m/c
Teasel raising

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Classification of Finishing

Classification of Finishing

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Calendaring And Its Objects

To fulfill this object cotton, linen, rayon, silk materials are applied a temporary physical finish which is known as calendaring. In this process fabric is passed through a series of healed rollers under pressure in open width form.


Objects of calendaring:
The main objects or purpose of calendaring process are mentioned below:-
1. To cause a closing together of the threads of the fabric by flattening them and thus tending to fill up the interstices between warp and weft.
2. To produce a smooth, glossy and highly lustrous appearance on the surface of the cloth.
3. To reduce fabric thickness.
4. To reduce air permeability and water permeability of fabric by changing its porosity.

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